NAPS Paper

A lot of people are posting what they’ll be presenting at the AAR (American Academy of Religion) annual meeting in Baltimore this November. I’m presenting at the same meeting, but on an SBL (Society of Biblical Literature) panel. I’ll get around to posting about that paper soon, but more relevant now is the paper I’m presenting at NAPS (North American Patristics Society) in Chicago at the end of the month.

The paper is a version of some of my research on the connection between disease and sexual slander in early Christianity. The title is “Ancient Antidotes: Pollution, Sexual Slander, and The Body in Epiphanius’ Panarion.” The abstract is below.

The practice of slandering the sexual behavior of one’s opponent was far from uncommon in the ancient world. Charges of this sort were widespread and were designed to defame an opponent. This rhetorical device was employed in political discourse when ancient authors were engaged in identity and power struggles. Where Epiphanius’ work differs from that of other ancient heresiologists, though, is how he employs this rhetorical device in the service of his larger heresiological project; namely, as part of his conception of the social body’s vulnerability to pollution, which in this case takes the form of heretical teachings.

Epiphanius described the heresies he was combatting as poisons and toxic substances which could invade the social body. He then offered his work, a veritable “Medicine Chest,” as the cure. This rhetoric becomes particularly explicit when he describes those groups which he believes engage in illicit sexual activity. Thus, his heresiology creatively uses a rhetoric of disease to connect pollution, illicit sexual behavior, and the social body.

This paper will examine Epiphanius’ conception of the relationship between disease and the social body and will then analyze the charges of sexual misbehavior in two sections of the Panarion, “Against Simonians” and “Against Gnostics.” For Epiphanius’ use of sexual slander against his (real or perceived) opponents serves as an especially informative exempli gratia for determining the connection that he discerned between his conception of the Church as a unified, social body that is susceptible to pollution and his understanding of the various heresies as diseases. Thus Epiphanius is participating in a larger discourse, wherein he is fully engaged in promoting a particular understanding of heresy and disease along with advocating for the production and maintenance of a certain Christian identity.

 

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Marriage Equality and The War on Adoption

I will be the first to admit that I have not always been a proponent on same-sex marriage. In a former part of my life I was as adamantly against same-sex marriage as many who have been protesting in support of Prop 8 and DOMA in front of the US Supreme Court over the past few days. That is to say, I was convinced that homosexuality was a “sin” and that it was “unnatural.” I have been fully “out” in my support of same-sex marriage for a number of years now, but I cannot allow myself to conveniently forget how adamantly I opposed it to make myself feel better about where I stand now, on “the right side of history,” as some are wont to call it.

One line of messaging has stood out to me recently in the arguments over whether same-sex marriage should be legal in this country or not, but it wasn’t until I read Tom Junod’s wonderfully vulnerable and eloquent piece that I realized just why it was rubbing me the wrong way. The line of argument says that same-sex marriage is “unnatural” because 2 men or 2 women are incapable of physically producing offspring. I pushed back against this argument with the usual points: what about opposite-sex couples where one member is infertile? What about elderly people who are no longer able to have children but desire the companionship that the rest of us desire? Should these people also not be allowed to marry because they cannot procreate?

What Tom Junod laid out so clearly, though, is that the anti-same-sex marriage arguments of this stripe are not just arguments against elderly people and infertile adults, but this is also an argument against adoption, something the right has espoused support for as an alternative to abortion.

How the War on Gay Marriage Turned into a War on Adoption | Esquire: What has changed our understanding of the way some people see our marriage is, of course, the general debate unleashed by the last two days of argument before the Supreme Court on the subject of same-sex marriage. No, my wife and I are not of the same sex; I am a man and she is a woman. But we are infertile. We did not procreate. For the past nine years, we have been the adoptive parents of our daughter; we are legally her mother and father, but not biologically, and since Tuesday have been surprised and saddened to be reminded that for a sizable minority of the American public our lack of biological capacity makes all the difference — and dooms our marriage and our family to second-class status.

And there it was. The very nature of the arguments against same-sex marriage because same-sex couples are unable to produce children is just as strongly an argument against my own family, with a mother who was infertile and chose to adopt both me and my (biological) sister. Our family’s very existence is, apparently, a threat to the good, straight, biological family units in this country, and thereby a threat to the very foundation of this country.

Junod rightly points out the elementary nature of these sorts of arguments:

For all its philosophical window dressing — for all its invocation of natural law, teleological destiny, and the “complementary” nature of man and woman — this argument ultimately rested on a schoolyard-level obsession with private parts, and with what did, or did not, “fit.” There was “natural marriage” and “unnatural” marriage, and it was easy to tell the difference between them by how many children they produced. A natural marriage not only produced children; it existed for the purpose of producing children. An unnatural marriage not only failed to produce children; it resorted to procuring children through unnatural means, from artificial insemination to surrogacy to, yes, adoption. The argument against same-sex marriage now boiled down to a kind of biological determinism, and so became almost indistinguishable from an argument against adoption itself.

The idea that the purpose of marriage in this country is procreation serves to label all marriages that chose not to or were unable to produce children as “less than.” They are not real marriages. And as a result, those families are “less than.” They too are not real families. To many – some much closer to home than one should have to admit – my sister and I are not our parents’ “real children.” And we are a threat to families everywhere. Never mind the fact that we have a better relationship with our parents than most everyone else I know. We have a relationship based on openness, honesty, communication, and above all love.

No one – gay, straight, or whatever – should have to share those negative experiences with my family. And as much as anything else, this is why I support marriage equality.

There is so much more that needs to be said like how cruel it is to actively keep children in a broken social services system and away from a loving family that desperately wants to love and raise children of their own. Or how, once again, the Right has offered nothing but lip service when it says it cares about children when it is really only concerned with its own “moral disapproval” of the love of others. Or how the only “threats” to anyone’s marriage – gay or straight – come from within and not from without. Or how our country’s very understanding of “family” needs to take step out of 1950. Or how ludicrous it is to expect that others who do not share your particular religious views to live their lives according to your specific interpretation of a few verses from your holy book.

But for now, urging you to read Junod’s article is all I really have. For just as Junod did, I have realized that these arguments are not just arguments against same-sex marriage, but are arguments against me and my family too. Thank you, Tom, for the reminder that we are all in this together.

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The Work of the Associate Pastor

I am regularly thankful for the connections that various forms of social media allow me to make. One such connection is with Alan Rudnick, who is the author of a new book The Work of the Associate Pastor. Rudnick opens with the following story:

While I was an associate pastor, I was asked to give the invocation at the National Football League Players Gala in Washington, DC. During the gala, which was also a fundraiser for the Special Olympics, I was introduced to a variety of National Football League players, politicians, philanthropists, dignitaries, and celebrities. One of the players was gracious enough to allow me to take a picture with him. After I introduced myself as an associate pastor in a local congregation, the professional football player asked, “What does an associate pastor do anyway?”

What follows are multiple answers to that question and guidance for helping churches determine just what they want/need out of an associate pastor. Rudnick includes numerous case studies and discussion questions for churches and for associate pastors that deal with issues ranging from the role of an associate pastor in worship leadership to conflict management. But the appendix is what I think will prove most useful to associate pastors and churches alike. The five appendices are 1) how to plan for an associate pastor, which offers a timeline of what should be done beginning two years before hire down to one month before hire; 2) sample job descriptions, which includes both a full-time and part-time job description; 3) a case study on transitioning from volunteers to paid staff; 4) a short questionnaire helping an associate determine when to stay and when to leave; and 5) a compensation guideline.

As most things are in the book, the appendices are suggestions and rough guidelines, but I can speak from experience that churches often do not know what they really want or what they should be paying someone in a particular position. Likewise, job seekers rarely know how much they should expect to receive and are often left to essentially write their own job descriptions.

I definitely think that Rudnick’s book is a welcome resource for churches and associates in all kinds of denominations and am particularly glad to see such a useful, straightforward book that can serve as a guide and resource.

I am posting about Alan’s book as part of his “blog tour” highlighting the release of the book and I do genuinely think it is a good resource. Also, you can get in touch with Alan by going to his website or by following him on Twitter, like I do: @alanrud.

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I am Simply a Pilgrim

As of 8pm Rome time today, Benedict XVI is no longer the Pope of the Catholic Church. In his final address today he had one line that stuck out to me:

I am simply a pilgrim beginning the last leg of his pilgrimage on this Earth.

I quite like this sentiment.

Reminds me of Logion 42 in the Gospel of Thomas: Be passersby.

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The Republican Party is “Out of Touch”

At least according to a recent Pew poll.

GOP Seen as Principled, But Out of Touch and Too Extreme | Pew Research Center for the People and the Press: At a time when the Republican Party’s image is at a historic low, 62% of the public says the GOP is out of touch with the American people, 56% think it is not open to change and 52% say the party is too extreme.

Those are some pretty damning numbers. Here’s a fuller breakdown:

GOP Out of Touch, Pew

This may mean good news in the short term for the Democratic Party, but I think this is ultimately a bad thing for our country. In a two-party system, we need two legitimate options to work as a sort of balance. This is becoming less likely as both parties are becoming further and further apart from one another. The Tea Party and the Republican Party have succeeded in shifting the entire conversation to the right so that what is “liberal” now would have been a quite moderate (and in some cases conservative) position 20 years ago. This is not the direction I personally want the country to go and I think the woeful image of the Republican Party may help this in the short term. Nevertheless, I still think that a thriving two-party democracy actually needs two parties.

It should go without saying that the Republican Party has brought much of this on themselves over the past 4 years by being “the party of No,” refusing ideas that were originally theirs simply because they are being suggested by President Obama, and allowing vocal members of their party to express nostalgia for 19th century views on non-white, non-male citizens. Yet many fail to see this correlation.

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